1,390 research outputs found
Exact and Approximated Log Alignments for Processes with Inter-case Dependencies
The execution of different cases of a process is often restricted by
inter-case dependencies through e.g., queueing or shared resources. Various
high-level Petri net formalisms have been proposed that are able to model and
analyze coevolving cases. In this paper, we focus on a formalism tailored to
conformance checking through alignments, which introduces challenges related to
constraints the model should put on interacting process instances and on
resource instances and their roles. We formulate requirements for modeling and
analyzing resource-constrained processes, compare several Petri net extensions
that allow for incorporating inter-case constraints. We argue that the Resource
Constrained -net is an appropriate formalism to be used the context of
conformance checking, which traditionally aligns cases individually failing to
expose deviations on inter-case dependencies. We provide formal mathematical
foundations of the globally aligned event log based on theory of partially
ordered sets and propose an approximation technique based on the composition of
individually aligned cases that resolves inter-case violations locally
The Effect of Clouds on Air Showers Observation from Space
Issues relating to extensive air showers observation by a space-borne
fluorescence detector and the effects of clouds on the observations are
investigated using Monte Carlo simulation. The simulations assume the presence
of clouds with varying altitudes and optical depths. Simulated events are
reconstructed assuming a cloud-free atmosphere. While it is anticipated that
auxiliary instruments, such as LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging), will be
employed to measure the atmospheric conditions during actual observation, it is
still possible that these instruments may fail to recognize the presence of a
cloud in a particular shower observation. The purpose of this study is to
investigate the effects on the reconstructed shower parameters in such cases.
Reconstruction results are shown for both monocular and stereo detectors and
for the two limiting cases of optically thin, and optically thick clouds.Comment: 31 pages, 13 figure
Alternatives for Analgesiometric Tests in Animals: The Feasibility to Reduce Discomfort by Anaesthesia
Animal pain and nociception studies have greatly contributed to our understanding of acute and chronic pain processing and thereby contributed to the reduction of suffering of patients in pain. In classic analgesiometric tests in conscious animals, animal suffering is inevitable as pain behaviour is the primary outcome. Therefore, the feasibility of refining analgesiometric tests by anaesthesia is reviewed. The influence on analgesiometric tests of different anaesthetics is described. Other objective primary outcome measures than pain behaviour, including quantification of neural activation with c-fos and functional MRI (fMRI), are suggested to reduce animal discomfort for pain testing. In conclusion, reflex analgesiometric tests may be refined by choosing the right anaesthetics and alternative outcome measures such as c-fos or fMRI. Complex, higher order pain behaviour testing still requires conscious animals and can currently not be refined by the use of anaesthetics.
Patterns of LRF in elderly HNSCCpatients treated with definitive RT in relation to dose distribution
Enhanced mesoscopic fluctuations in the crossover between random matrix ensembles
In random-matrix ensembles that interpolate between the three basic ensembles
(orthogonal, unitary, and symplectic), there exist correlations between
elements of the same eigenvector and between different eigenvectors. We study
such correlations, using a remarkable correspondence between the interpolating
ensembles late in the crossover and a basic ensemble of finite size. In small
metal grains or semiconductor quantum dots, the correlations between different
eigenvectors lead to enhanced fluctuations of the electron-electron interaction
matrix elements which become parametrically larger than the non-universal
fluctuations.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX; 3 figure
Give me a break! Unavoidable fatigue effects in cognitive pupillometry
Issue Online: 08 June 2023Pupillometry has a rich history in the study of perception and cognition. One
perennial challenge is that the magnitude of the task-evoked
pupil response
diminishes
over the course of an experiment, a phenomenon we refer to as a
fatigue effect. Reducing fatigue effects may improve sensitivity to task effects and
reduce the likelihood of confounds due to systematic physiological changes over
time. In this paper, we investigated the degree to which fatigue effects could be
ameliorated by experimenter intervention. In Experiment 1, we assigned participants
to one of three groups—no
breaks, kinetic breaks (playing with toys, but no
social interaction), or chatting with a research assistant—and
compared the pupil
response across conditions. In Experiment 2, we additionally tested the effect of
researcher observation. Only breaks including social interaction significantly reduced
the fatigue of the pupil response across trials. However, in all conditions
we found robust evidence for fatigue effects: that is, regardless of protocol, the
task-evoked
pupil response was substantially diminished (at least 60%) over the
duration of the experiment. We account for the variance of fatigue effects in our
pupillometry data using multiple common statistical modeling approaches (e.g.,
linear mixed-effects
models of peak, mean, and baseline pupil diameters, as well
as growth curve models of time-course
data). We conclude that pupil attenuation
is a predictable phenomenon that should be accommodated in our experimental
designs and statistical models.Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciĂłn,
Grant/Award Number: CEX2020-001010-
S;
Eusko Jaurlaritza;
National Institutes of Health, Grant/
Award Number: R01 DC014281 and
R01 DC019507; National Science
Foundation, Grant/Award Number:
DGE-174503
Wavefunction statistics in open chaotic billiards
We study the statistical properties of wavefunctions in a chaotic billiard
that is opened up to the outside world. Upon increasing the openings, the
billiard wavefunctions cross over from real to complex. Each wavefunction is
characterized by a phase rigidity, which is itself a fluctuating quantity. We
calculate the probability distribution of the phase rigidity and discuss how
phase rigidity fluctuations cause long-range correlations of intensity and
current density. We also find that phase rigidities for wavefunctions with
different incoming wave boundary conditions are statistically correlated.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX; 1 figur
A rigidity property of asymptotically simple spacetimes arising from conformally flat data
Given a time symmetric initial data set for the vacuum Einstein field
equations which is conformally flat near infinity, it is shown that the
solutions to the regular finite initial value problem at spatial infinity
extend smoothly through the critical sets where null infinity touches spatial
infinity if and only if the initial data coincides with Schwarzschild data near
infinity.Comment: 37 page
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